By Arnetra Shettleworth
Women in Ghana, particularly those aged 40 and over, face a unique set of health challenges that are influenced by socioeconomic, cultural, and biological factors. As the life expectancy continues to rise, there is a growing need to address the health concerns that impact maturing women. These concerns are shaped by traditional societal roles, the increase in chronic conditions, and access to healthcare. These health concerns can be categorized into chronic diseases, reproductive health, mental health, and access.
1. Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD)
Cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, stroke, heart disease, and indirectly high cholesterol, are among the leading causes of death among women in Ghana aged 40 and over. Hypertension, more commonly known as “high blood pressure” is particularly prevalent stemming from factors such as poor diet, lack of intentional eating, low levels of physical activity, and chronic stress. With the increase of industrialization, lives have become more sedentary along with higher intake of processed and fatty foods. These lifestyle changes have led to a rise in obesity, which is a significant risk factor for CVD. This also lends itself to escalating cholesterol levels which further increase the likelihood of CVD.
In addition, awareness of heart disease in women is often low. Many do not recognize the symptoms, which can differ from those experienced by men. As a result, they may delay seeking help, leading to more detrimental health outcomes. Education and increased awareness, along with better access to preventative care and nutrition guidance, are crucial in addressing this issue.
2. Diabetes
Diabetes, particularly Type 2, is another growing concern among older women in Ghana. The prevalence of the condition has been rising steadily – driven by changes in traditional diets, increased obesity, and the genetic predisposition mentality – “it runs in my family”. Women over 40 are at a higher risk, and if left unchecked, diabetes can lead to complications such as heart disease, kidney failure, vision loss, neuropathy and amputations.
While urban centers may have better access to diagnostic tools and treatment options, women in less developed regions may struggle with managing the disease due to cost, distance to healthcare facilities, and a lack of health education. The overarching theme of “how” to prevent, may also be mis-guided in purely not understanding this is more than a sugar/starch concern, but more about the lack of muscle bearing activity with increased sedentary lifestyles, coupled with high fat and low protein diets.
3. Breast and Cervical Cancer
Breast and cervical cancer are significant health concerns for women over 40 in Ghana. Breast cancer, in particular, is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in the country. The late-stage diagnosis is a key factor contributing to high mortality rates. Limited awareness of self-examination techniques, access to regular mammograms and routine ultrasounds are contributing factors to the delay in diagnosis and treatment.
Cervical cancer, largely caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), is also a leading cause of death among women in Ghana and worldwide. Many women in rural areas lack access to HPV vaccines that are in many countries received as teens, along with regular Pap Smears as adults. Efforts to increase awareness and dispel the implication that testing, and vaccinations promote early and “pre-marital sex”, we can underscore many aspects of late stage diagnose with a strategic level of prevention. The expansion of vaccinations and screening programs are critical in reducing the burden of these cancers as women age.
The Author, Arnetra Shettleworth is a Nutrition and Lifestyle Coach, and a Menopause Coaching Specialist based in the US with clients both domestic and international. Her Focus is helping clients (the individual and corporate wellness programs) create sustainable food habits to lead healthier and thriving lives.
Website: www.btnc.life
Instagram – @nutritionwithnetra
LinkedIn – Arnetra Shettleworth
Email – info@btnc.life
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